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(Short-Term) Temporary Residence Permit (Aufenthaltsgestattung)
You will receive the Aufenthaltsgestattung, once you have officially applied for asylum for the duration of your asylum procedure. Since this is the document that legally grants you a temporary residence permit, it is important that you always have it on you.
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http://www.bamf.de/DE/Fluechtlingsschutz/AblaufAsylv/PersoenlicheAntragstellung/persoenliche-antragstellung-node.html